1.1 Purpose Of The Writing
This Writing Will Teach The Reader How To Make A Glider. This report writing is documentation for our glider. Give manual to the user to D.I.Y. (Do It Yourself) a glider. In this report, we will tell you what actually is glider. Besides, we will also tell reader some brief method which will help to lift the glider.
1.2 Major Point Of Discussion
The major point of the discussion is that we would like to build a glider which can fly with a far distance and can stay in the air much longer using the materials which are cheap.
1.3 Major Conclusion
For major conclusion, we had learned how to make our own glider. During the making of the glider, we have face lots of problem especially when setting up the glider specification. We settle the problem by doing some research and make the result of the research as our guideline. We have put all the information including the theory of glider in our report.
So for the readers, they will get knowledge about glider. Besides that, by reading our report they will also know how to make their own glider. They can choose which material suitable for their glider and be able to find more information by surfing to web site that recommended by us.
1.4 Brief Method
The method that we use is plastic foam to make the wing and the wing of the glider. While plasticine is used to give weight to the glider.
1.5 Brief Theory
Basically aircraft has three theories to make an aircraft fly which are
o Lift.
o Thrust.
o Weight (Gravity).
o Drag.
2. INTRODUCTION
2.1 What Is Glider
A glider is an unpowered aircraft, an airplane without a motor. While many of the same design, aerodynamic and piloting factors that apply to powered airplanes also apply to gliders, the lack of motor changes a lot about how gliders work. Gliders are amazing and graceful machines, and are about as close as human can get to soaring like a bird. The common types of glider are today used for sporting purposes.
Gliders can glide roughly 60 miles if starting from an altitude of one mile. Gliders are as small and light as possible. Since there is no large engine taking up space, gliders are basically sized around the cargo they carry, usually one or two people. The cockpit of a single-seat glider is small, but it is large enough for most people to squeeze into. Instead of sitting upright, pilots recline with their legs stretched out in front of them. The frontal exposure of the pilot is reduced and the cross-sectional area of the cockpit can be substantially smaller.
Gliders just like other aircraft design, have skins that are as smooth as possible to allow the plane to slip more easily through the air. The early gliders were constructed from wood covered with canvas. Later versions were constructed from aluminum skins that were much smoother. However, the rivets and seems required by aluminum skins produce additional drag, which tends to decrease performance. In many modern gliders, composite construction using materials such as fiberglass and carbon fiber are quickly replacing aluminum. Composite materials allow aircraft designers to create seamless and rivet-less structures with shapes that produce less drag.
The wings on the glider have to produce enough lift to balance the weight of the glider. The faster the glider goes the more lift the wins make. If the glider flies fast enough, the wings will produce enough lift to keep it in the air. But the wings and the body of the glider also produce drag, and they produce more drag the faster the glider flies. Since there’s no engine on the glider to produce thrust, the glider has to generate speed in some other way.
How Glider Work?
Three are three main types of rising air used by glider to increase flight times:
o Lift – the important force, created by wings and counteracting the weight, which allows an aircraft to stay aloft. In the case of a glider, the lift is enhanced through the use of highly efficient wings.
o Drag – the force that tends to slow a plane down. Drag reduction is critical on a glider, even more so than on a conventional airplane. In motorized aircraft, a pilot can simply increase the thrust (using the engines) to overcome drag. Since there is no engine on a glider, the drag must be minimized wherever possible or the plane will not remain in the air for long.
o Weight – can be made to work for or against a glider. A lighter overall weight, for example, may allow the glider to stay aloft longer or travel further. A heavier weight, on the other hand, can be an advantage if greater speed is the objective. Many gliders contain ballast tanks that pilots can fill with water before takeoff. Then added weight of the water allows greater speeds while in the air. If the pilot wished to reduce his weight, he can dump the tanks in the air to lighten the plane.
Picture 1 : Show the forces of the flight.Basically aircraft needs two forces to fly : Lift to keep it up and thrust to propel it forward. Lift overcomes the plane’s weight, and thrust overcomes the drag caused by the air flowing past the plane. When an aircraft is cruising, lift is equal to weight and thrust is equal to drag. When lift and weight are equal and opposite, the airplane is in a state of equilibrium. If lift is greater than weight, the aircraft will climb. If weight is greater than the lift, the airplane will descend.
The aircraft wings create lift. To do this, they need air to flow over them. According to Bernoulli’s theory, when air is slowed down its pressure increases, and vice-versa. As the air comes to stop along the centerline, this created a high pressure region ahead of the plate and so large eddies form, swirling around in a random fashion. This is known as separated flow and creates a low pressure region behind the plate. This acts like a vacuum cleaner, literally sucking the plate backward. It is this high pressure in front of the plate and low pressure behind it that is the pressure drag
Picture 2 : Show the resistance which is 100%.
Common sense tells us that this is not the most aerodynamic shape in the world. A cylinder might be a good starting point. The flow around a cylinder looks like the sketch below.
Picture 3 : Show the resistance has decrease until 50%.
The high pressure in front of the cylinder and low pressure behind is similar ti the flat plate case discussed above. Note however, that the flow manages to follow the curve of the cylinder before it starts swirling around. The effect of this is that the low pressure behind flat plate. The drag (labelled as resistance here) is about half that of the flat plate, so a big improvement.
Picture 4 : Show the resistance has decrease until 5%. In this picture, the streamlines that is able to follow the curve of the upper and lower surfaces and join up towards the trailing edge. In this case, there is a high pressure region at the front, but the low pressure at the rear ia much closer to atmospheric pressure. Hence the drag is around 20 times less than the flat plate, and 10 times less than the cylinder.
The important factor is to make sure that the flow around the body is smooth, and able to follow the shape easily.
3. METHODS & MATERIALS
We get the information from (2004). The Dorling Kindersley Illustrated Family Encyclopedia Volume 1.A – I. London, New York :Toppan Printing Co. (Shenzhen) Ltd.
http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/TRC/Aeronautics/GLIDER.html
Wing tips - http://www.seeds2lrn.com/Nov99.html
Launcher - http://www.seeds2lrn.com/Nov99.html
Material tips - http://www.seeds2lrn.com/Oct99.html
4. PROCEDURE
4.1 Material and Equipment
The materials that we used to build our glider are stated below:
Material
1. Plastic foam
2. Plasticine
3. Selotape
Equipment
1. Scissor
2. knife
3. Glue
4. Steel Ruler Double side tape
Procedure
1. Draw the glider template in AutoCad
2. Print out the glider template
3. Cut the template and stick it on the plastic foam board 
4. Cut the plastic foam board
5. Put glue on the wing surface to stick the body 
6. Wait until the glue get dry, then test the glider. Plasticine must be put on the front side of the glider. 
5. RESULT
5.1 Calculation 
6. DISCUSSION
6.1 Analysis
To make a glider fly or can lift on the air, there are four main major theories which are lift, drag, weight and thrust.
Lift is the important force which created by wing and countering the weight. Thus the shape of the wing is very important in making a glider.
The second theory is drag. Drag is the force that tends to slow a plane down. The drag must be minimized wherever possible or the glider will not remain on the air for long.
The third theory is weight. A lighter overall weight can allow he glider to stay longer or travel further. Thrust is the force created when the glider moving toward.
6.2 Interpretation
6.3 The Advantages And Disadvantages 
McEagle Styrofoam Glide
Our Glider 
Balsa Wood Glider
6.4 Type Or Categories.
For our glider, we decided to make in using plastic form. We used plastic foam because plastic foam is very light. Thus the glider can fly easily or lift in the air. If we use plywood, it is very heavy to lift the glider and make the glider stay on the air longer.
Besides, we put some plasticine in the front body of the glider. The plasticine is to give some weight to the glider thus the glider will have the thrust.
6.5 Specification
7. CONCLUSION
7.1 State What We Know
From research that have been done, we know that glider is an unpowered aircraft which fly without powered by a motor or engine. It flies when user threw it in the air. From the research that have been done, we also found that there are three types of rising air used by glider to increased flight times. The three types of rising air are lift, drag and weight.
To make a glider, there are three option of material can be use. There are balsa wood, plastic foam and card stock. Each material gives the glider different specification. For balsa wood construction, the wing span can be over 30cm, for foam construction, the wing span is 20 – 40cm and for card stock construction, the wing span is under 20cm.
7.2 Justify That Statement
To make our glider, we use the research data as guideline. For example, our glider specification has been applied to the three types of rising air. This is important for our glider so it can fly trough any type of weather or wind.
In order to make the glider, we also have to choose the best material and suitable to our specification that already been decide. In our condition, we choose plastic foam because its light and easy to cut and form.
8. REFERENCE
(2004). The Dorling Kindersley Illustrated Family Encyclopedia Volume 1.A – I. London, New York :Toppan Printing Co. (Shenzhen) Ltd.
http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/TRC/Aeronautics/GLIDER.html
http://f4bscale.worldonline.co.uk/building.htm#Wing
http://www.ohio4h.org/~flight/homepage.html
http://www.ohio4h.org/~flight/projectbook.html
http://youtube.com/watch?v=2knEMCHSErg
http://youtube.com/watch?v=2knEMCHSErg
9. APPENDICES 
